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It's
hard to find any information on what is commonly known as the "Ancientest
Cemetery" in New London, Connecticut, which is surprising to me
since it is such a jewel of 17th and 18th century gravestone carving.
It's probably for the best, actually, since these stones are irreplaceable
jewels that are best left undisturbed. (And in fact, sadly, some of
them have been damaged already.) However, I can tell you a few things
about this special little graveyard:
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The
cemetery is located between Hempstead and Huntington Streets in
New London, CT
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The
cemetery was set aside for burial in 1652 and was maintained until
1793
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Many
of the country's early settlers, several of whom played important
roles in our country's history, are buried here
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Also
here are the oldest graves of black colonists
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Benedict
Arnold is said to have stood at this high elevation during the Revolution
in 1781 to watch his British troops conquer Fort Griswold in Groton
across the river and then burn New London
So,
as you can see, it's a pretty interesting little place to visit. Of
course, I was really excited about seeing the wonderful gravestone carvings,
especially the "death's head" - otherwise known as "soul
effigies". And I was not disappointed with what I saw. Without
further ado, here's a glimpse at a beautiful piece of Amerimemoria past.
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Before
I even entered the Burial Grounds, I noticed a beautiful olde
house across the way that I just had to take a picture of. I
love the red and black paint. The Comtesse would be very much
at home here, don't you think?
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I
love the fact that they use the olde-fashioned spelling on the
sign at the entrance to the cemetery. Things like this make
the Comtesse smile...
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In
this shot, you can see why Benedict Arnold would have used this
site as a vantage point, since the high ground provides an excellent
view of the Thames River (yes, it's really called the "Thames"
- it is "New London" after all).
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I
thought the most photogenic section of the park was this lovely
olde copper beech tree sheltering a crop of gravestones. It
has a rather creepy effect, don't you think?
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Here's
the first of the many and varied soul effigies. This one totally
cracks me up - it's like the "Bug-Eyed Butterfly Vicar"
or something. I know it's hard to read the gravestones in the
pictures, so I'll try to decipher them for you as best I can:
In
Memory of
Capt. George Colfax
Who Departed
this Life march
28th 1766
the 38th year of
his Age
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Here
are a couple of views of the cemetery, showing the bridge across
the Thames River in the background.
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This
is a rather elegant soul effigy. I think I will call it "Feathered
Piety". This slightly damaged stone belonged to Mr. John
Prentis:
In
Memory of
Mr. John Prentis
of New London
son of Mr. John Prentis Esqr.
and of Sarah Prentis deceased
who died Novr. 22nd A.D. 1780
in the 34th Year of his Age.
How lov'd
& vallued once avails him not,
To whom related or whom begot.
A heap of dust alone remains of thee,
It's all thou art & all the proud shall be.
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Another
view of the olde buriall [sic] grounds.
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Here's
a shot looking out from under a shade tree.
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I
think I will call this soul effigy The Disapproving Judge. I
definitely wouldn't want THIS guy on my tombstone! The unfortunate
soul who gets cursed with this sourpuss for all eternity is,
amazingly, a mere baby!
Here
lies Inter'd the
Body of James, the Son
of John & Lydia Procter,
Deceased Febuary the 3rd
1729. Aged 16 Months
Save
Fruitless Tears & Weep no more
This Child's not lost but gone before
Death's a Haven towards weh [sic]
all Winds drive
And where at last each Mortal must arrive...
The
rest is unreadable, unfortunately. (Per
Roots
And Routes, this gravestone was carved by George Allen,
Providence, Rhode Island.)
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Here's
a simple pair of effigies, for a couple of brothers:
In Memory of
James & Thomas
Sons of Mr. Kimball
& Lucretia Prince.
It
looks like they died on September 24, 17-something, but I can't
read the inscription well enough to be exact.
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This
is another of the bug-eyed carvings (you can definitely tell
the stones that were carved by the same artists, can't you?):
In
Memory of John W.
Gibbons son to Capt.
John Gibbons & Mrs.
Esther his wife who
died Feb. 26th A.D. 1786
aged 4 years & 3 months
My date on Earth
was very short
My voige of life soon o'er
Being clothed in robes which Jesus wrought
My soul shall rest secure.
(I'm
trusting someone
else with the transcription of the end of this one, since
it's not readable.)
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This
particular headstone is the first that shows definite signs
of vandalism in the diagonal scratch marks across the stone.
Oh, what I would do to the people who made those marks if I
could get ahold of them in The Castle DeSpair's dungeon!!! In
any event, this is the first skull soul effigy that I stumbled
across here, and I was of course most delighted!
Here lyes the Body of
Mrs. LYDIA ADAMS, Wife to
the Rev. Mr. ELIPHALET
ADAMS, Who departed this
Life Sep. the 6th, A.D. 1749
Eliphalet
Adams was pretty well-known preacher. Here's what Answers.Com
has to say about him:
The
son of Dedham, MA's, second minister, Eliphalet Adams graduated
from Harvard College in 1694. He preached in various places
for the next 15 years, until, in 1709, he was ordained a Congregational
minister in New London, CT. That same year he married Lydia
Pygan.
Adams
was a popular preacher, and many of his sermons were published.
Most
Famous Works
* "A Sermon Preached on the Occasion of the Execution of
Katherine Garret.
" (1738) Adams's sermon uses the
example of the execution of an Indian servant who murdered her
illegitimate infant to warn his congregation to "take heed
and beware of loose living."
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Here's
a nice break from the soul effigy imagery - a classic weeping
willow and urn:
In memory of
PYGAN ADAMS ESQ.
who died July 1776,
Aged 64.
And of his three Sons
WILLIAM, who died at
St. Pierres Martinico,
April 4, 1778, Aged 33.
ALEXANDER PYGAN,
who was lost at sea, in
the year 1782, Aged 35.
And
THOMAS, who died in
the Island of St. Martins,
Sep. 8, 1815. Aged 55.
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This
particular soul effigy looks drunk, or high, or something! I
can't read the inscription thanks to the tall grass in front
of the gravestone, but this grave is for John, Son to Mr. Samuel
Latimer.
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This
is my favorite death head from this cemetery. I adore the little
crossed bones above the head. Very nice touch, don't you think?
If you look closely, you can still see the lines that were scratched
onto the stone by the carver so that the letters are lined up
correctly. Very interesting.
Here Lyeth the Body of
Mrs. SARAH CHRISTOPHERS
Wife of CHRISTOPHER
CHRISTOPHERS ESQR.,
who Departed this Life
April the 18th 1745
In the 62nd Year of her Age.
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I
thought this one was particularly artistic. I do think that
some of the inscription is missing, however... either that or
this is the grave for a woman named Peter... which, well, I
guess there could be stranger things in the world...
PETER CHRISTOPHERS
who departed this life
May 3rd 1791, in the
31st Year of her age
PETER CHRISTOPHERS
died Feb. 19, 1829 Aged 81
On
the Old
Bones website, someone ventures the following guess as to
the identity of the bones lying here:
After
doing a little research on this family, I would venture a guess
that this was Peter Christophers first wife Abigail Miller,
daughter of Capt. John and Lucy (Starr) Miller. Abigail was
born 1760, mar. Peter Feb 9, 1777 in New London, CT, and died
May 3, 1791, which matches her age and date of death. Peter
married again, to Rebecca Saltonstall in 1792. (source: New
London, CT Vital records, IGI and First Cong. Church records)
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Here's
a happy little death head who smiles over the bones of Elizabeth
Christophers for all eternity.
Here Lyeth the Body
of
Mrs. ELIZABETH CHRISTOPHERS
the wife of
CHRISTOPHER CHRISTOPHERS ESQR.
who Departed this Life
June ye 14th A.D. 1765
Aged 38 Years, 7 Months & 8 Days
(Per
Roots
And Routes, this gravestone carving is attributed to William
Codner.)
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The
effigy on this carving kinda looks like she's wearing those horn
rimmed glasses that the women in The Far Side are always wearing.
I think I'll call her "Miriam". Anyway, she stands solemn
watch over the bones of Dr. Giles Goddard:
IN MEMORY
of
Doctr. Giles Goddard
who died January 31
1757 Aged 33 Years.
I
found out through internet searches that poor Giles died
of gout and that he was the postmaster
of New London. Guess that whole "doctor" career
didn't work out so well for him, eh?
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This
effigy reminds me of a sun figure. Simple and elegant.
In Memory
of Capt.
Adam Shapley, of Fort
Trumbull who bravely
gave his Life for his
Country a fatal Wound
at Fort Griswold Sept. 6th
1781 caused his Death
Febr. 14 1782 Aged
43 years
Shapley, thy deed reverst
the Common doom
and made thy name
immortal in a tomb
I
needed some help for the ending from CT
Gravestones, who also add some other interesting historical
tidbits, such as the fact that Capt. Shapley fell during the same
battle against the British that Benedict Arnold watched from the
cemetery, and that this gravestone "is one of special historic
interest in Connecticut. It is carved on what we call Bolton Granite
which was quarried from the Bolton Notch Quarry that is just a
few miles east of where I live. It was made by a carver named
Jonathan Loomis from Coventry, CT."
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This
carving really creeps me out - especially with the erosion of
the faces. It makes the angels look quite ghostly.
Here
lyes interred
the Body of Doctor
Guy Palmes, who
Departed this Life
on the 27th Day of
March, 1757 Aged
44 Years.
A good name
is better
than precious Ointment.
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Here's
another nice skull effigy - this one's for Sarah Soley. Lucky
Sarah!
Here
lyes Buried the
Body of Mrs. SARAH SOLEY
Widow of Mr. MATHEW
SOLEY of Charlestown
Who Departed this
Sept. 26th A.D. 1744 Aged
93 Years & 4 Months
Wow!!
93 years old is ancient for those days. She must have had
a fascinating life. If only her bones could tell me all about
it...
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This
is another carving that cracks me up. What a dopey looking face!
This guy was kinda the Picasso of grave carving - he had his own
style. Roots
and Routes tells me that the carver was Gershom Bartlett from
Bolton, Connecticut. CT
Gravestones provides the following biography of Gershom:
Gershom
Bartlett (1723-1798)
Gershom
Bartlett's gravestone carvings are among the most bizarre of any
produced during the eighteenth century. He was a native of Bolton,
Connecticut, the son of Samuel and Sarah Bartlett who came from
Northampton, Massachusetts. Gershom Barlett appears to be the
first owner of the Bolton Notch Quarry where he sold too and worked
with other carvers of the area such as the Bucklands and Loomis's.
To those of us who study these carvings, the Bolton schist/granite
that came from that quarry is very much appreciated for it's durability.
During one period of his early carving career, he apparently lived
in Windsor and possibly also in East Windsor. His stones are easily
recognized by the bulbous noses, turned down mouths, row of vestigial
teeth at the bottom of the face, raised eyebrows, usually a four-lobed
crown, three curved wings of curls beside the face. The finials
are most frequently pinwheels or four-leafed clovers and often
a small heart can be found near the bottom of the legend. Bartlett
was called the "hook-and-eyeman" until identified by
Dr. Caulfield. His footstones are often easily recognized if displaying
a pattern of three or four diamonds on them. Bartlett stones are
found throughout eastern Connecticut but are most common west
of Mansfield and become very scarce in the northeast and in coastal
communities. They continue until 1772 when Bartlett moved to Pompanoosuc,
Vermont, where he continued to carve (but on slate) until late
in the eighteenth century.
In Memory
of Mrs. Lucretia
widow to Mr.
JOHN Procter
MA who died
Septr. 10th 1770
in the 64th Year
of her age
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Another
nice skull head - and you can see the lines for the lettering
on this one as well.
Here
lies the Body of
Mrs. ANNE DENISON
Daur. of Mr. DANTEL
& Mrs. RACHEL DENISON
died NOVr. 10th 1767
aged 24 Years 2 Mo & 11 Ds.
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This
is another well-done carving which begs the question - what the
hell is a "consort" in 18th century terminology anyway???
(I believe it's either a wife, or a "companion"...)
Here
lies the Remains of
Mary, Consort of Thomas Dare
who in full hope of a glorious
Immortality put off this earthly
Tabernacle in her 25th year
A.D. 1775
In youthful Bloom Death came down
Here to await the trumpets sound
When God commands I will arise
To meet my Saviour in ... "
Damn.
I can't read the end of the last sentence. What do you suppose
it is? "To meet my Saviour in Paradise" maybe? Ah well...
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This
effigy looks like it's got a fro goin' on, don't it? And the carving
begs the question - what exactly is a "relict" in 18th
century terminology, anyway??? (I believe it's a widow...)
In Memory
of
Mrs. TEMPERANCE SHAW
Relict of
NATH'L SHAW ESQR.
who died
June 27, 1796
Aged 87 Years
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Here's
a Siamese Twin effigy. A kinda creepy looking Siamese Twin effigy,
actually...
In Memory
of Joseph
Harris Esqr. who died
April 21 1792 Aged
72 Years
The
rest is sadly illegible. By the way, I wondered what the heck
the "Esqr." (Esquire) behind so many of the names means.
Apparently, these guys were either officials of some sort or lawyers.
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The
lichen growing on this well-preserved gravestone gives it an eerie
glowing quality.
Sacred
to the Memory of
Mrs. Lucy Wolcott
the wife of
Doctor Simon Wolcott
who departed this life
April 14th, 1791
in the 39th Year
of her Age
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Okay,
this carving is even stranger than Gershom's! I think I'd have
to call this one "Mr. Bill"!
Here
lyeth
the body of Mr.
Thomas Wolcott
who died March
the 10 1724...
(That's
a best guess, anyway... damned weeds! Roots
and Routes identifies the carver as John Hartshome.)
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Here's
another wonderful skull carving.
Here
lyes the
body of Mr.
John Coit
Aged ?? Years.
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Here
are a couple more skull effigy figures. The inscriptions say (left
to right):
HERE
LYETH INTERED
THE BODY OF
WILLIAM COITE
AGED ABOUT 27
YEARS WHO
DEPARTED THIS
LIFE MAY 17th
1703
HERE LIES
THE
BODY OF
MARTHA GREENE
DAU'r. OF Mr.
THOMAS & Mrs.
MARTHA GREENE
DIED AUG. 3rd, 1752
...
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Another
nice carving by the same skull artist as the previous stones.
ELIZABETH
GARDINER
the Daughter of
Mr. DAVID & Mrs.
ELIZABETH GARDINER
Aged 2 Years &
10 months Died
Aug'st. the 6th 1746
& lies Buried Here
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On
this one you can see some of the crosshatch scratches which sadly
mar many of the stones.
Here
Lies the Body of
Mrs. HANNAH CHADWICK
the wife of
Mr. CHARLES CHADWICK
Died November the 7th
1765 (?) in the ?? Year
of her Age.
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This
effigy head looks in dire need of a long nap and a little love.
Poor thing.
IN MEMORY
of Sarah the Wife of
Mr. David Allen
Daught'r of Mr. Nathan
& Temperance Shaw
who died Sept. 11
A.D. 1759 Aged 25
Years & 5 Months
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This
one is a bit different. It has a more human quality to it than
most of the carvings, which befits the 2 year old in whose name
it is dedicated.
James
the son
of James &
Mary Culver
died May 30
1760 Aged 2
Years & 6 M.
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Another
nice skull (although sullied by a bird).
Here
lyes Buried
the Body of Mr.
BENJAMIN SWEETLAND
Who Departed this Life
Febru. the 9 Anno Dom.
1759 Aged 2 Years
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In Memory
of
Benjamin Starr
Esqr. who died
Aug. the 23 1753
in the 74th Year
of his Age
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This
one has my favorite of all gravestone sayings - the "prepare
for death" one! Oh, why don't they write them like this anymore?
Incidentally, it looks like the carver forgot the last digit of
the year on the stone.
In Memory
of
Mr James Ryon Jun'r
who departed this
life Sept 22 AD 179
Aged 22 years
Consider
friends as you pass by
As you are now So once was I
As I am now Soon you must be
Prepare for death & follow me
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These
are two of my favorites. They are quite elegant in that simple,
unadorned, puritan way.
In Memory
of
Capt BENJAMIN BILLINGS
who Departed this
Life Jan'ry 15th
A.D. 1780
in the 52nd year
of his Age
In Memory
of Benja-
min & Sally Billings
Son & Daug'r of Capt
Benjamin & Mrs Le-
ment Billings Benjamin
Died July 22 1784
Aged 21 Years Sally
Died Nov'r 17th 1786
Aged 18 Years
(I
can't decipher the poem that appears at the bottom of the gravestone,
but it has to do with "Jesus" and "flesh"
and "iron". Probably just cliché-ridden dross
anyway...)
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Nice
shot from underneath the beech tree. These graves haven't seen
the sunlight for a VERY long time.
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Here's
another elegant carving (by John Stevens, Jr. of Newport, RI per
Roots
& Routes).
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And
finally, here's an interesting, very delicate carving in slight
profile which shows the unfortunate scratch-marks of a pathetic
vandal. The scariest thing for me is that all of these invaluable
headstones are so desperately vulnerable. If ever a cemetery needed
a security system to keep vandals away, it's this one. I only
hope that something can be done to save these gorgeous and historic
stones before the next idiot strikes.
In Memory
of Mr.
JOSEPH HURLBUT
who departed this Life
Nov. 4th A.D. 1773 in
the 30th Year of his
Age.
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